POLYSILICON MANUFACTURERS

How the ranking of the top ten producers has been whirled around since 2004

Once upon a time, there were seven sisters who lived in four countries … You think this is a fairy tale? No – for two decades, the polysilicon industry consisted of just seven manufacturers, who bore the nickname “Seven Sisters.” In 2005, however, this oligopoly began to crumble. Learn how far OCI in South Korea and the largest polysilicon manufacturers in China have caught up with the Western incumbents Wacker and Hemlock, and who the top ten polysilicon manufacturers in the world are today.

Two technicians of OCI Company in cleanroom suits, holding high-purity polysilicon chunks
OCI reached very high silicon purity only one year after it began to produce polysilicon in South Korea in 2008 – Image: OCI Company

OCI Company: Chemical know-how for high polysilicon purity

DC Chemical had a good nose for the market of the future. In 2000 the South Korean chemicals group began to develop its own technology to produce polysilicon based on the Siemens process in cooperation with the Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT).

That was a smart strategic decision, given the fact that the polysilicon market did not look good then. After the downturn of the semiconductor sector in 1998 and the burst of the dotcom bubble in 2000 (‘double dip’), the polysilicon industry was plagued with overcapacity, and prices tanked (see our polysilicon market analysis).

But DC Chemical was right in betting on the rapidly growing polysilicon demand of the solar industry. The company was even a bit late when it started construction of its first polysilicon plant, which had an annual production capacity of 5,000 metric tons (MT), in August 2006. By that time, the polysilicon price on the spot market had already soared to almost US$300 per kilogram, up from US$28/kg in 2003. When the factory commenced commercial production in March 2008, it was at the last moment before the spot price began to decline again (polysilicon price trend).

Renamed OCI Company in April 2009, the South Korean manufacturer became one of the most successful new entrants in the polysilicon industry because it did several things right:

  • Thanks to its vast chemical experience and careful preparation, the company smoothly managed to ramp up production. It immediately achieved a high polysilicon purity of 99.9999999% (9N), which it improved to 10N in 2009.
  • OCI also went quickly for large capacity additions to reach economies of scale. By the end of 2011, the production capacity of its polysilicon factory, consisting of three single plants in Gunsan, North Jeolla province, totaled 42,000 MT.
  • The company took advantage of the time window arising from the polysilicon shortage to create a broad base of established solar customers with long-term contracts, covering approx. 80% of its production capacity.

In its 2010 Annual Report, OCI announced another polysilicon plant (“P4”) in Gunsan with a capacity of 20,000 MT and envisaged a bright future: “With P4, we will achieve a total manufacturing capacity of 62,000 metric tons and become the largest polysilicon supplier in the world.”

This dream, however, did not come true. Oversupply on the polysilicon market forced OCI to stop the project in 2012. Instead, the company increased its production capacity by 10,000 MT through low-cost debottlenecking in 2015, thus reaching a total of 52,000 MT.

New low-cost production base in Malaysia

In 2017 OCI purchased the new Malaysian polysilicon plant from Japanese manufacturer Tokuyama. The factory is fed by low-cost electricity from hydropower; however, Tokuyama was unable to fully ramp it up to its nameplate capacity of 20,000 MT and make it cost-competitive. OCI has revamped the plant to a capacity of 30,000 MT within three years.

This secured OCI the rank as the world’s third-largest polysilicon manufacturer through 2019. In February 2020, however, the company succumbed to the price pressure from low-cost Chinese plants and shut down its Korean factory in Gunsan – except for the P1 plant with a capacity of 6,500 MT, which is now producing electronic-grade polysilicon for the semiconductor industry.

GCL-Poly Energy: Bold capacity expansion, late adaption to high purity

The way GCL-Poly Energy Holdings dealt with the oversupply phase in 2011/2012 tells much about Chinese mentality. Against all odds, the company boosted the capacity of its China-based subsidiary Jiangsu Zhongneng Polysilicon Technology Development Company from 25,000 MT to a whopping 65,000 MT in 2011.

The consequence was a very low utilization rate in 2012. But supported by the market recovery in 2013 and the in-house polysilicon consumption of GCL’s wafer subsidiary, Jiangsu Zhongneng got out of the doldrums and became the world’s largest polysilicon manufacturer in 2013. Nevertheless, GCL-Poly’s debt load is still high.

Polysilicon plant of GCL-Poly’s subsidiary Jiangsu Zhongneng in Xuzhou, Jiangsu province, China
Polysilicon plant of GCL-Poly’s subsidiary Jiangsu Zhongneng at Xuzhou in the eastern Chinese province of Jiangsu – Image: GCL-Poly

The beginnings of the company were rather modest in comparison. Jiangsu Zhongneng commenced the construction of a small 1,500 MT production facility in Xuzhou in the eastern Chinese province of Jiangsu in July 2006 – almost at the same time as OCI did. After starting up production in September 2007, Zhongneng raised the capacity step by step to 25,000 MT before it made the big leap to the world’s top in 2011.

Despite the economies of scale, the company’s production costs suffered from the high electricity rates in eastern China. Therefore, Zhongneng commissioned a captive power plant in 2015 to generate electricity at half of the cost that it paid for power supply from the grid before.

Second polysilicon plant in Xinjiang with very low electricity costs

For many years, the purity of Zhongneng’s polysilicon product was not overly high, but good enough to supply GCL’s wafer subsidiary and make it the world’s largest producer of multicrystalline solar wafers. This model, however, has come under pressure since the global market share of monocrystalline solar wafers, which require polysilicon of higher purity, began to rise in 2015.

GCL has responded to this challenge by building a new polysilicon plant with a capacity of 48,000 MT in the Xinjiang Uyghur autonomous region in northwestern China and reducing the capacity of Zhongneng in Xuzhou to 42,000 MT. The new plant in Xinjiang, which started production in October 2018, tackles the challenge in three ways:

  • GCL has established a strategic alliance with Zhonghuan Semiconductor, the world’s second-largest producer of monocrystalline solar wafers; Zhonghuan has acquired 27% of the shares in Xinjiang GCL New Energy Materials Technology Co., Ltd., the holding company of the polysilicon plant. Both partners have also founded Inner Mongolia Zhonghuan GCL, a joint venture for monocrystalline silicon ingots, which are sawn into wafers.
  • The new polysilicon plant has been designed to produce high-purity material. 100% of the capacity is foreseen for monocrystalline wafers. (However, only 50% of the actual output is said to be mono grade.)
  • By obtaining electricity from a nearby coal-fired power plant at a very low tariff, Xinjiang GCL is able to produce at very low costs.

After a major explosion at its distillation unit in July 2020 delayed the planned capacity increase to 60,000 MT, Xinjiang GCL completed the expansion in April 2021.

New focus on fluidized bed reactor technology for granular polysilicon

In Xuzhou, GCL-Poly’s focus has shifted to fluidized bed reactor (FBR) technology to produce granular polysilicon. Building on FBR assets acquired from bankrupt SunEdison in 2017, Jiangsu Zhongneng began to gradually convert its conventional polysilicon factory to a monosilane-based FBR plant in 2020. The company is aiming to reach an FBR capacity of 54,000 MT by the first quarter of 2022. In October 2020 GCL-Poly celebrated the groundbreaking for a second FBR plant with a capacity of 60,000 MT in Leshan, Sichuan province.

The “Seven Sisters”: Polysilicon supply oligopoly until 2005

GCL and OCI were the two most successful among a few dozens of new polysilicon manufacturers that entered the industry beginning in 2005. Until then, an oligopoly of only seven companies, known as the “Seven Sisters”, had ruled the market:

  • Hemlock Semiconductor (USA)
  • Wacker Chemie (Germany)
  • Advanced Silicon Materials (ASiMI, today REC Silicon/USA)
  • Tokuyama Corporation (Japan)
  • MEMC Electronic Materials (USA and Italy)
  • Mitsubishi Materials (Japan and USA) and
  • Osaka Titanium Technologies (formerly Sumitomo Titanium/Japan).

The Seven Sisters ran ten polysilicon plants in the United States, Germany, Italy and Japan. The only China-based polysilicon manufacturer at that time, Emei Semiconductor, played a negligible role as it merely had a tiny annual production capacity of 100 MT (see chart).

Polysilicon plants and production capacities worldwide in 2004

Polysilicon plants and production capacities worldwide in 2004: Hemlock Semiconductor, Wacker, ASiMI (Butte and Moses Lake), Tokuyama, MEMC Pasadena, Mitsubishi Materials, Mitsubishi Polysilicon, MEMC Merano, Sumitomo Titanium, Emei Semiconductor
In 2004 eleven polysilicon plants worldwide had a total production capacity of only 29,150 metric tons – Chart: Bernreuter Research

Wacker, Mitsubishi, Sumitomo Titanium and Hemlock already started to produce polysilicon on an industrial scale between 1959 and 1961; the rest followed suit between the mid-1970s and mid-1980s. For decades, all of them produced exclusively electronic-grade polysilicon for the semiconductor sector; only Tokuyama and Mitsubishi are still focused on electronic grade today. Osaka Titanium shut down production at the end of 2018, MEMC in the U.S. in 2015 and in Italy in 2011.

The photovoltaic (PV) branch solely lived on scrap silicon from the semiconductor sector until the late 1990s. When the polysilicon demand from the PV industry strongly increased, Renewable Energy Corporation (REC) from Norway first formed a joint venture with ASiMI in 2002, then acquired the company in 2005 to use part of its production capacity for solar-grade instead of electronic-grade polysilicon. But it was mainly Hemlock and Wacker that invested massively in new production capacities for solar-grade polysilicon, starting in 2006. Both closed long-term supply contracts with customers who financed the expansion by making high prepayments.

Wacker and Hemlock: Top polysilicon manufacturers with different fates

These contracts became a problem when the polysilicon spot price began to undercut the average contract price in May 2011. Wacker first tried to resolve the situation by offering its customers additional shipments without further payment, thus diluting the contract price on the one hand, but securing the off-take of its production volumes on the other. With growing polysilicon oversupply, however, this strategy did not pan out; the company had to renegotiate its long-term contracts.

In the various trade disputes the USA and the European Union (EU) have had with China, Wacker has been on the lucky side. After the EU closed a minimum price agreement with Beijing on the import of solar panels from China in 2013, the Chinese Ministry of Commerce did the same with Wacker on the import of polysilicon from its two German plants. It made those shipments exempt from any punitive duties beginning in 2014.

Polysilicon plant of Wacker in Charleston, Tennessee, USA
In 2016 Wacker opened a new polysilicon plant near Charleston in the U.S. state of Tennessee – Image: Wacker Chemie

This has enabled Wacker to maintain its customer base in China. After its new 20,000 MT polysilicon plant in the U.S. state of Tennessee opened in 2016, the company even became the world’s largest polysilicon manufacturer for four years through 2019.

The Tennessee plant initially shipped solar-grade product to customers outside China in order to avoid the high Chinese duties on polysilicon imports from the United States. After these markets have almost vanished (solar value chain), the plant mainly produces electronic-grade polysilicon for the semiconductor industry.

The curse of Chinese import duties on Hemlock Semiconductor

The fortunes of Hemlock Semiconductor were not as good. The former polysilicon market leader lost its place in the sun in 2012 when new management began to insist on sticking to the high polysilicon prices fixed in the long-term contracts while the spot price collapsed. Several customers refused to take shipments at the high contract price, which prompted the manufacturer to haul them to court.

What ultimately cost Hemlock its number one position were the prohibitive duties that China introduced on polysilicon imports from the United States in 2013. Thus, the company has practically lost the largest market for polysilicon. Consequently, Hemlock’s new 12,000 MT plant in Tennessee has never come on stream and ended as the biggest stranded investment in the polysilicon industry in 2014. The company has slid to number nine in our ranking of the world’s top ten polysilicon manufacturers.

Xinte, Daqo, Tongwei and East Hope: Chinese polysilicon industry achievers

China’s introduction of duties on polysilicon imports in 2013 was the start signal for its domestic polysilicon industry to expand. Since then, four manufacturers have moved to the foreground:

  • Xinte Energy (a subsidiary of TBEA)
  • Daqo New Energy
  • Tongwei (parent of Sichuan Yongxiang) and
  • East Hope New Energy.

Between 2013 and 2017, Xinte roughly doubled its production capacity from 17,000 MT to 36,000 MT. Although Daqo and Sichuan Yongxiang were still relatively small manufacturers in 2013 (with capacities of 6,150 MT and 4,000 MT, respectively), they strongly grew to a size of 20,000 MT by 2017. Newcomer East Hope started right away with 20,000 MT in 2017.

Polysilicon plant of Inner Mongolia Tongwei in Baotou, Inner Mongolia, China
Tongwei’s new 30,000-ton polysilicon plant in Baotou, Inner Mongolia came on stream in October 2018 – Image: Xinhua

But that is not all. What Xinte, Daqo and Tongwei have in common is a big expansion leap to a capacity of roughly 80,000 MT in 2018/2019. All their new capacities are dedicated to high-purity polysilicon at low-cost locations, and all three have closed supply contracts with China-based Longi Green Energy Technology, the world’s largest manufacturer of monocrystalline solar wafers. Longi is planning to increase its wafer production capacity eightfold from 15 GW at the end of 2017 to 120 GW by the end of 2022.

That explains the massive capacity expansion at Xinte, Daqo and Tongwei. East Hope is not known for aspiring to produce high-purity material, but is also on an ambitious expansion course. Originally, the company was expected to double its capacity to 80,000 MT in 2020; instead, the capacity was increased to 70,000 MT in 2021.

With its even more far-reaching plans, the new world market leader Tongwei is heading for a capacity of 300,000 MT in 2023.

The Big Six: Emergence of a new polysilicon super league

Three of the four mentioned companies have now gained promotion to the 80,000 MT league, which Wacker and GCL-Poly have already been playing in. Thus, a top group of the “Big Six” will form a new polysilicon super league in the industry (see chart).

Polysilicon capacities of the Big Six in 2020

Production capacities of the six largest polysilicon manufacturers worldwide in 2020
Six manufacturers will form a new polysilicon super league – Chart: Bernreuter Research

This group alone reached a production capacity of 470,000 MT in 2020 – almost as much as all polysilicon manufacturers had in total worldwide at the end of 2015. It makes obvious what tremendous pressure the capacity of the Big Six puts on other manufacturers of solar-grade polysilicon; only a few of them will survive.

But even among the Big Six, competition will be intense. With their extremely low production costs, the five Chinese top manufacturers are putting Wacker under pressure anyway. OCI has already hoisted the white flag of surrender with the shutdown of its Korean factory. The climate is getting tougher in the polysilicon industry.


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  • Learn all about the latest developments of polysilicon manufacturing technologies (Siemens process, fluidized bed reactor, upgraded silicon kerf loss from wafer sawing)
  • Obtain comprehensive data on production volumes and capacities of 45 solar-grade and electronic-grade polysilicon plants from 2020 through 2027
  • Gain insight into decisive market trends, based on four sophisticated scenarios of supply and demand through 2027
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Logo of the “Polysilicon Top 10” manufacturers

The top ten: Ranking of the world’s largest polysilicon manufacturers

The polysilicon manufacturers in our top-ten list are not ranked according to production capacity, but to actual output in 2022. In some cases, the production capacity is significantly higher than output if the capacity has not yet been fully ramped up. Seven of the top ten manufacturers are based in China.

1 ► Tongwei Co., Ltd. (China)

Polysilicon plant of Tongwei’s subsidiary Sichuan Yongxiang New Energy in Leshan, Sichuan province, China
Polysilicon plant of Tongwei’s subsidiary Yongxiang New Energy in Leshan – Image: Sichuan Daily

Tongwei’s subsidiary Sichuan Yongxiang started to produce polysilicon in Leshan, Sichuan province with a small capacity of 1,000 MT in 2008, but with a bold target of 10,000 MT. Oversupply in 2011/2012 pushed this goal far out; only in 2015 did Yongxiang make a major leap from 4,000 MT to 15,000 MT. After another expansion to 20,000 MT in 2017, Tongwei thought big with two new plants for low-cost, high-purity polysilicon in Leshan and Baotou, Inner Mongolia. After both started up in late 2018, Tongwei reached a total capacity of 96,000 MT and became the global number one in 2020.

Logo of Tongwei Co., Ltd.

Factory locations: Leshan, Sichuan province; Baotou, Inner Mongolia and Baoshan, Yunnan province (China)

Production capacity: approx. 345,000 MT

Listing: Shanghai Stock Exchange (SSE)

Stock code: 600438

Website: http://www.tongwei.com.cn

Polysilicon News: News on Tongwei

2 ► GCL Technology Holdings Ltd. (China)

Polysilicon plant of GCL Technology in the Zhundong Economic and Technological Development Zone, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China
Polysilicon plant of GCL Technology in Xinjiang in northwestern China – Image: GCL Technology

Hong Kong-headquartered Golden Concord Group Ltd./Golden Concord Holdings Ltd. (GCL) cover the complete solar value chain through controlling shares in GCL Technology Holdings (formerly GCL-Poly Energy – polysilicon, wafers), GCL System Integration Technology (solar cells and modules, PV system integration) and GCL Technology’s subsidiary GCL New Energy (solar farms). After opening a second polysilicon plant in Xinjiang in October 2018, debt-laden GCL went through dire straits before it returned close to the top rank in 2021, which it already held from 2013 through 2015.

Logo of GCL-Poly Energy Holdings Ltd.

Factory locations: Xuzhou, Jiangsu province; Zhundong Economic and Technological Development Zone, Xinjiang Uygur autonomous region; Leshan, Sichuan province and Baotou, Inner Mongolia (China)

Production capacity: approx. 300,000 MT

Listing: Stock Exchange of Hong Kong (SEHK)

Stock code: 3800

Website: http://www.gcltech.com/en

Polysilicon News: News on GCL-Poly

3 ► Daqo New Energy Corp. (China)

Polysilicon plant of Daqo New Energy in Shihezi, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China
Daqo’s polysilicon plant in Shihezi, Xinjiang – Image: Daqo New Energy

Originally located in the municipality of Chongqing in south-western China, the company built a new polysilicon plant with a capacity of 5,000 MT in Shihezi, Xinjiang during the oversupply phase in 2011/2012 to reduce production costs. Step-by-step expansion to more than 20,000 MT by 2017, a big leap to 80,000 MT in 2018/2019. One of the lowest-cost polysilicon producers in the world. 47.8% of the company’s shares are owned by equity holders of the Daqo Group, a major Chinese manufacturer of electrical equipment, such as switchgears and transformers.

Logo of Daqo New Energy Corp.

Factory location: Shihezi, Xinjiang Uyghur autonomous region, and Baotou, Inner Mongolia (China)

Production capacity: approx. 240,000 MT

Listing: New York Stock Exchange (NYSE)

Stock code: DQ

Website: http://www.dqsolar.com

Polysilicon News: News on Daqo

4 ▲ Xinte Energy Co., Ltd. (China)

Polysilicon plant of Xinte Energy in Urumqi, the capital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China
Xinte’s polysilicon plant in Urumqi, the capital of Xinjiang – Image: Xinte Energy

The subsidiary of the Chinese transformer maker Tebian Electric Apparatus Stock Co., Ltd. (TBEA) was the first manufacturer that started polysilicon production in the Xinjiang Uyghur autonomous region in northwestern China (in 2009). Initial production capacity was only 1,500 MT, but the company became China’s second-largest polysilicon manufacturer after a capacity leap from 3,000 to 17,000 MT in 2013. Benefits from a captive, coal-fired power plant with extremely low electricity costs. Went public on the Stock Exchange of Hong Kong in late 2015.

Logo of Xinte Energy Co., Ltd.

Factory locations: Urumqi, Xinjiang Uyghur autonomous region, and Baotou, Inner Mongolia (China)

Production capacity: 200,000 MT

Listing: Stock Exchange of Hong Kong (SEHK)

Stock code: 1799

Website: https://www.xinteenergy.com/en

Polysilicon News: News on Xinte Energy

5 ▼ Wacker Chemie AG (Germany/USA)

Wacker’s integrated chemical factory, including polysilicon plant, in Burghausen, Bavaria, Germany
Wacker’s integrated chemical factory in Burghausen, Bavaria – Image: Wacker Chemie

The German chemicals group is a polysilicon production pioneer; developed the Siemens process in the 1950s. After the initial public offering in 2006, strong expansion of solar-grade capacity at the factory in Burghausen. Opened two additional polysilicon plants with a capacity of 20,000 MT each in Nünchritz, Germany and Charleston, USA in 2011 and 2016, respectively. Consequently moved from the second rank to number one as the world’s largest polysilicon maker in 2016; was pushed off the throne by Tongwei in 2020 and will fall back further in the coming years.

Logo of Wacker Chemie AG

Factory locations: Burghausen, Bavaria and Nünchritz, Saxony (Germany), Charleston, Tennessee (USA)

Production capacity: approx. 85,000 MT

Listing: Frankfurt Stock Exchange (XFRA)

Stock code: WCH

Website: https://www.wacker.com/

Polysilicon News: News on Wacker

6 ▲ Asia Silicon (Qinghai) Co., Ltd. (China)

Polysilicon plant of Asia Silicon in Xining, the capital of Qinghai province, China
Asia Silicon’s polysilicon plant in Xining, the capital of Qinghai province – Image: Qinghai Daily

Located in Xining, the capital of the northwestern Chinese province of Qinghai, the private company is a child of the once leading Chinese solar cell and module producer Suntech Power. In 2006 Tihu Wang, Suntech’s vice general manager for research and development and previously a polysilicon materials scientist in the U.S., established Asia Silicon, which started production with a capacity of 1,000 MT in 2008. After a leap from 5,000 MT to 15,000 MT in 2015, further expansion to 20,000 MT in 2018. Benefits from low-cost electricity fed by hydropower.

Logo of Asia Silicon (Qinghai) Co., Ltd.

Factory location: Xining, Qinghai province (China)

Production capacity: 92,000 MT

Listing: none

Stock code: not applicable

Website: http://asia-silicon.com/english/

Polysilicon News: News on Asia Silicon

7 ▼ Xinjiang East Hope New Energy Co., Ltd. (China)

Polysilicon plant of East Hope New Energy in the Wucaiwan Industrial Park, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China
East Hope’s polysilicon plant in the Wucaiwan Industrial Park, Xinjiang – Image: East Hope

Shanghai-headquartered, private East Hope Group was already running aluminum and silicon smelters in Xinjiang before it established Xinjiang East Hope New Energy to manufacture polysilicon. The first production line, which started up in 2017, has a nominal capacity of 15,000 MT, but an effective capacity of 20,000 MT. A second 20,000 MT line followed in 2018. East Hope originally planned the next expansion step for 2020; now it is aiming at 70,000 MT in 2021. The company has extremely low electricity costs thanks to a captive, coal-fired power plant.

Logo of East Hope Group

Factory location: Wucaiwan Industrial Park, Zhundong Economic and Technological Development Zone, Xinjiang Uygur autonomous region (China)

Production capacity: 130,000 MT

Listing: none

Stock code: not applicable

Website: https://www.easthope.cn

Polysilicon News: News on East Hope

8 ▼ OCI Company Ltd./OCI Holdings Co., Ltd. (South Korea/Malaysia)

Polysilicon plant of OCI in Bintulu, Sarawak state, Malaysia
OCI’s Malaysian polysilicon plant in Bintulu, a coastal city in the state of Sarawak – Image: OCI

The South Korean chemicals group was a major polysilicon exporter to China through 2019, due to high product quality, geographical proximity and low import duties. Became the world’s third-largest polysilicon manufacturer only one year after it started production in Gunsan in 2008. Yet it was forced by the Korean electricity tariffs, which are much higher than those in western China, to shut down its domestic factory in early 2020. Continues to run its low-cost 30,000 MT plant in Malaysia and to produce a small amount of electronic grade in Gunsan.

Logo of OCI Company Ltd.

Factory locations: Gunsan, North Jeolla province (South Korea) and Bintulu, Sarawak state (Malaysia)

Production capacity: 41,500 MT

Listing: Korea Exchange (KRX)

Stock code: 010060

Website: https://www.oci.co.kr/eng/

Polysilicon News: News on OCI

9 ► Hemlock Semiconductor Operations LLC (USA)

Polysilicon plant of Hemlock Semiconductor in Hemlock, Michigan, USA
Hemlock Semiconductor’s polysilicon plant in Hemlock, Michigan – Image: Hemlock Semicond.

Due to strong capacity expansion, the U.S.-based private company was the polysilicon market leader from 1994 through 2011. Was hurt by the introduction of prohibitive duties on polysilicon imports from the U.S. into China in 2013, but is still the world’s second-largest producer of electronic-grade polysilicon. The company’s indirect owners were Corning and DuPont with a share of 40.25% each until DuPont sold its share to Corning in September 2020; the remaining 19.5% are held by Japan’s Shin-Etsu Handotai, the world’s largest maker of semiconductor wafers.

Logo of Hemlock Semiconductor Group

Factory location: Hemlock, Michigan (USA)

Production capacity: approx. 20,000 MT

Listing of Corning: New York Stock Exchange (NYSE)

Stock code: GLW

Website: https://www.hscpoly.com

Polysilicon News: News on Hemlock Semiconductor

10 ► Shaanxi Non-Ferrous Tianhong REC Silicon Mat. Co., Ltd. (China)

Fluidized bed reactor polysilicon plant of Shaanxi Non-ferrous Tianhong REC Silicon Materials Co., Ltd. (TianREC) in Yulin, Shaanxi province (China)
TianREC’s FBR plant for granular polysilicon in Yulin, Shaanxi province – Image: TianREC

In 2014 TianREC was founded, a Chinese joint venture of U.S.-based granular polysilicon maker REC Silicon (15%) and Shaanxi Non-Ferrous Tianhong New Energy (85%). REC Silicon needed cash from selling a license for its fluidized bed reactor (FBR) technology and access to the Chinese market after China introduced prohibitive duties on imports from the USA. TianREC built a 19,000 MT FBR plant (and a 300 MT rod reactor for electronic-grade polysilicon) in Yulin, Shaanxi province. After start-up in late 2017, the company long missed its production targets before it entered the top ten in 2021.

Company logo of Shaanxi Non-ferrous Tianhong REC Silicon Materials Co., Ltd. (TianREC), a joint venture of Shaanxi Non-ferrous Tianhong New Energy Co., Ltd. (China) and REC Silicon (USA)

Factory location: Yulin, Shaanxi province (China)

Production capacity: 19,300 MT

Listing of REC Silicon: Oslo Børs (Oslo Stock Exchange, part of Euronext)

Stock code: RECSI

Website: https://www.trsilicon.com/en/index

Polysilicon News: News on TianREC

More info

Press release on the polysilicon top 10 ranking:
Tongwei Dominates the Polysilicon Industry

Published on June 29, 2020; last update on May 16, 2023  © Bernreuter Research

About the author

Johannes Bernreuter, Head of Bernreuter Research
Johannes Bernreuter

Johannes Bernreuter is head of the polysilicon market research specialist Bernreuter Research. Before founding the company in 2008, Bernreuter became one of the most reputable photovoltaic journalists in Germany because of his diligent research, clear style and unbiased approach. He has earned several awards, among others the prestigious RWTH Prize for Scientific Journalism from the RWTH Aachen University, one of the eleven elite universities in Germany.

Originally an associate editor at the monthly photovoltaic magazine Photon, Bernreuter authored his first analysis of the upcoming polysilicon bottleneck and alternative production processes as early as 2001 (Publication List). After preparing two global polysilicon market surveys for Sun & Wind Energy magazine in 2005 and 2006, he founded Bernreuter Research to publish in-depth polysilicon industry reports.

Get Your In-depth Report: The Polysilicon Market Outlook 2027

  • Benefit from 102 pages full of rich data, in-depth analyses and detailed forecasts on the polysilicon, solar and semiconductor industries
  • Learn all about the latest developments of polysilicon manufacturing technologies (Siemens process, fluidized bed reactor, upgraded silicon kerf loss from wafer sawing)
  • Obtain comprehensive data on production volumes and capacities of 45 solar-grade and electronic-grade polysilicon plants from 2020 through 2027
  • Gain insight into decisive market trends, based on four sophisticated scenarios of supply and demand through 2027
  • Get valuable guidance with cash cost data on 30 solar-grade polysilicon plants and spot price forecasts through 2027

Go to the Report

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